October 10 this year is the centennial anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution。Under the leadership of the great revolutionary Sun Yat-sen, the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty and put an end to more than two thousand years of feudal autocracy, writing a glorious chapter in the annals of Chinese revolution。
In this great revolution, the spirit of the Changde, heroes, bright stars, the emergence of a large number of people for national rejuvenation, national prosperity, compatriots and happiness and dare to be the first, not afraid of sacrifice, heroic struggle。It was written in the annals of Changde，There were He Laibao (Wuling), Liu Fuji (Wuling), Song Jiaoren (Taoyuan), Jiang Yiwu (Lixian), Lin Xiumei (Linli), Xia Guorui (Lixian), Li Guanzhong (Shimen), Gong Xiachu (Lixian), Lin Zhiyu (Wuling), Hu Ying (Taoyuan), Gong Bailing (Shimen), Qin Zhen (Taoyuan), Zhao Bizhen (Dingcheng), Dai Xiuzan (Wuling),Tang Boqiu (Taoyuan), Lin Boqu (Linli), Shen Yuelu (Shimen) and 18 others。
On the occasion of commemorating the centenary of the Xinhai Revolution, let us review the life stories of these heroes and pay high tribute to them!
Holaibao
He Laibao (1873-1899), the character Song nine, horn iron flute。Originally from Ninggu, Anhui Province, his grandfather was an official in Hunan, and he went to Changde Tongzhi and his descendants entered Wuling。He studied from his father since he was a child. He was gifted and studious。Eighteen years old, crown boy test, make up the doctor disciple。Soon Ding mother worry, served。He was the first in many attempts and was called "the talented man of Wuling".。Learn to make Jiang Biao very valued him, to the top students selected to Changsha Xiangshui school by the academy, and Hengyang Yang, Tongcheng Wang Rong classmates。
During the Reform Movement of Hundred Days, Chen Baozhen, governor of Hunan Province, made every effort to implement new policies, founded the "South Society", emphasized the techniques of defending against aggression and saving the nation, and opened the "Hunan Daily" to enlighten the people's wisdom。Lai Bao and Yang Hui.Wang Rongjun is a member of "South Society" and a writer of "Hunan Daily"。Shaoyang Fan Ying's "Mencius People's Justice", Lai Bao as the preface, expounding the thought of civil rights, denouncing the only man and the thief of the people, the reader is compared to Huang Zongxi's "Yuan Jun"。When German troops invaded Shandong and trampled on Confucian temples, Lai Bao published an article titled "Sad Hole" in the Xiang Daily, denouncing the aggressors' atrocities。In the "Xiang Daily" also published "Say private", this is a pioneering ethos, advocates the reform of the good article, great influence。
After the Wuxu coup, He Laibao returned to Changde, hibernating at home, unhappy all day。In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Lai Bao, Zhao Bizhen and Hu Youye, took the meaning of the three friends of cold at the age of the year, established the "Cold Society", and sang songs on the day to express the depression in the chest。Soon, Yang Xing, Wang Rong sang with letters, CAI Zhonghao, CAI Zhongyuan brothers, returned home from Japan, also joined the chant, called "cold society seven sons"。In the spring of Guangxu 26 years, Tang Caichang set up his own army switchboard about the British concession in Hankou and plotted to rise up。To guarantee and Zhao Bizhen negotiate, apply to participate。The general organ of Hankou accepted their application and assigned him to be responsible for the affairs of the Changde Self-Supporting Association。To ensure active liaison launched, secretly set up resident organs。Unfortunately Hankou switchboard was busted on August 21。Yu Lian, the governor of Hunan Province, sent three alternate governor Shen Win to Changde in secret and arrested him by name。When to protect sick at home, he will be anxious and Zhen, Zhong Hao counsel, conspiracy to temporarily avoid the countryside, Xu Tu again。To protect the sick to avoid Taoyuan, after hiding Chenzhou (now Yuanling) a mountain temple, for the Qing official tracking capture。Sill sent to Changsha, the road through Changde, the viewer blocked the way, then made the "Death poem" 4 chapters, one cloud: "silver iron lock out of the wall, friends and relatives have sent to the road, three hundred athletes Qi guard, crowded to see He Lang"。In September, he died calmly outside Liuyang, Changsha, at the age of 27。Before the execution, Gao sang: "Seven feet of mutilated reward old friends, one's blood spilled in the desert"。
Liu Diphenyl
Liu Fuji (1884-1911), also known as Rukui, styled Yaocheng, was born in Liuye Lake, Wuling District。When he was young, he studied in Wuling County Higher Primary School, accepted bourgeois democratic ideas, and set up revolutionary ambitions with great ambition。
In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), the Hua Xing Association plotted an uprising in Changsha, and Song Jiaoren presided over the Changde road work。Fu Ji was introduced by Song Jiaoren to join Hua Xing Association and actively participated in activities。After the uprising failed, Song Jiaoren fled to Japan and hid in the countryside of Liuye Lake。In the spring of the following year, Ma Fuyi gathered the party elite in Hongjiang to plot another move。After hearing the news, Fu Ji resolutely went to participate。Unexpectedly, the uprising failed again, Fuji was forced to flee to Japan, and soon, he joined the Tongmenghui。
In the spring of the 32nd year of Guangxu, he returned to China from Japan and worked with Hu Youhua, Qin Zhen and Yang Xiji in Changsha to organize a representative office for Chinese and foreign newspapers, distributing "People's Daily" and various revolutionary propaganda publications。In May, Yu Zhimo, head of Hunan Branch of Tongmeng Association, organized people from all walks of life to publicly bury two martyrs, Chen Tianhua and Yao Hongye, on Yuelu Hill。Afterwards, Yu Zhimo was arrested and sent to prison, and Fu Ji secretly returned to Changde, and Jiang Yiwu and other hidden revolutionary organs were set up in Giyuan Temple, recruiting Hui parties between Yuan Li and plotting an uprising。Unfortunately, he was discovered again, but he avoided Shanghai and assisted Yang Zhuolin in founding "Jing Ye Xunbao" to publicize the revolution in popular style。
In the spring of the first year of Xuantong (1909), he went to Hankou and worked as an accountant and publisher of "Commerce Daily". He soon joined Hubei New Army Revolutionary Group Qunzhi Society。In two years, Yang Du, a member of the Constitutional Party, was opposed by people from all walks of life in Hunan to echo the Qing Court's claim of building roads by borrowing foreign debt, and he retreated to the British Concession in Hankou。Upon hearing the news, Fuji invited more than a hundred people, such as Yang Sanpeng, Li Liuru, Li Xin, Gong Xiachu, and He Haiou, to hold a meeting in Hunan Guild Hall to denigrate, and went to the British Concession to ask Yang Du to attend the defense。When Yang refused to attend, Fuji grabbed Yang's pigtails and dragged him out the door。British police intervened and he was detained for eight hours。Then, the "Business Daily" was also forced to shut down because of an article criticizing Yang Du and opposing the construction of the Guangdong-Han railway by borrowing money。In September, Qunzhi Society changed to Zhenwu Society, complex base in order to strengthen the army work, resolutely joined the four eleven standard three battalions left team as soldiers。
In January of the third year of Xuantong, Zhenwu Society was reorganized into a literary society, with its headquarters at 85 Xiaozhao Street, Wuchang, and Fuji was promoted as the minister of review。They carried out activities in the army in the name of studying literature, and successively developed more than 3,000 members in the new army.At the same time, Dajiang Newspaper was published to publicize the idea of democratic revolution。After the failure of Huanghuagang uprising, the Qing government strengthened prevention in the new army。The literary society had a large number of people, frequent contacts, and was easy to be exposed. It broke away from the army and engaged in single-line liaison work, and actively promoted the union of the literary society and the Common Progress Association, and then jointly planned to launch the Wuchang uprising。
On September 14, the Literary Society and the Common Progress Association held a joint meeting and decided to set up a political preparatory office in Hankou and a military preparatory office in Wuchang, and Fu Ji served as a permanent preparatory officer for the military Preparatory Office, responsible for preparing for the uprising。On September 24, the Fuji and Sun Wu, the leader of the Common Advance, held a joint military meeting and decided to uprising on October 6 (Mid-Autumn Festival), elected Jiang Yiwu as the commander of the uprising, Sun Wu as the chief of staff, and telephoned Jiao Da Feng in Hunan at the same time。Due to the tight security of the Qing Court and the difficulty of communication, it was decided to postpone it to October 11。After the meeting, Liu Fuji and Deng Yulin worked together as permanent military preparers。At this time Jiang Yiwu is still in Yueyang, compound base for the actual head of the command。He commissioned Juzheng, Yang Yuru to Shanghai to invite Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren to host the project, while sending Li Qingfu to Yueyang to invite Jiang Yiwu back to Hubei。
On October 9, Sun Wu of the Revolutionary Party made a bomb crash in the general organ of Hankou, the general organ was uncovered, and the revolutionary organs and leaders of Wuchang were exposed。The situation is very critical as the police and military search is extensive。Is the day, complex base is just from Yuezhou back to Wuchang Jiang Yiwu in the small court street headquarters to discuss the uprising matters, be reported, immediately held an emergency meeting。Fu Ji said: "The matter has come to this point, rather than sit and be arrested, it is better to rise up in time.。Success or failure is not calculated."。And will have already prepared the map and strategy out of the cross Yiwu。Yi Wu after reading said good unceasingly。So in the name of the commander in chief drafted an order, Deng Yulin and other distributed to the standard camp。It was agreed that at 12 o 'clock in the evening, the South Lake Battery fired a gun as the number, and the battalions were simultaneously launched。
At 10 p.m., Fu Ji was waiting for the uprising signal at the headquarters of the Xiaochao Street organ.Suddenly heard knocking at the door very tight, know there is a change, that is, holding a bomb downstairs to resist the enemy。When the patrol has broken the door and people, compound base even threw three bullets, did not think of shrapnel reflection, self-injury his hand。Be arrested。On the morning of October 10, he died outside the Yamen of Huguang Governor of Wuchang at the age of 28。
After the sacrifice of Liu Fuji, his comrades held an uprising in accordance with the military action program he personally formulated, and succeeded in one stroke。Zhang Yukun once said: "All the major plans concerning the military strategy, the investigation of the terrain and the raising of justice are common (referring to Liu Fuji).。It can be seen that Liu Fuji has an indelible contribution in the Wuchang uprising。
Song Jiaoren
Song Jiaoren (1882-1913), the character Dun Chu, name Yu Fu, Taoyuan County Xiangchong village (today's eight character road Township Yu Fu village)。At the age of 6, he entered the private school, and at the age of 17, he entered the Zhangjiang Academy of Taoyuan. Under the influence of Huang Shouyi, the county teacher, and Qu Fangmei, the mountain chief of the academy, he was weak in the imperial examination, concerned about the world events, and began to have anti-Qing thoughts。In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), he was admitted to Wuchang Ordinary Middle School with excellent results。The next year, the "nine provinces thoroughfare" of Wuhan showed him a new world, by Wu Luzhen and others organized revolutionary groups Wuchang garden mountain party attracted him, often with students Tian Tong, Wu Kun and others talk about the current politics, talk about the revolution, determined to take the road of anti-Qing revolution。In August, Huang Xing went to Wuchang, and the two met and became faithful friends until death。Soon after, Huang Xing was expelled from Wuchang due to his fierce anti-Qing speech and returned to Changsha。Subsequently, Song Jiaoren also returned to Hunan and did liaison work in Changsha and Changde for the establishment of revolutionary groups。
On November 4, in the name of going to Huang Xing's 30th birthday party, Song Jiaoren and Huang Xing, Liu Guiyi, Chen Tianhua, Zhang Shizhao, etc., organized the Huaxing Party in Huangzhai, Changsha。In February of the 30th year of Guangxu, the Huaxing Association was formally established in Changsha, and Huang Xing was elected as president and Song as vice president。The purpose of the society is: "Expel the Manchus and restore China"。After its establishment, the Hua Xing Association immediately began to expand its organization and prepare for an armed uprising。Song Jiaoren's activities in Hua Xing Association initially revealed his outstanding organizational ability。In July of that year, Song Jiaoren initiated the creation of a "science institute" in Wuchang, which was used as a cover to carry out revolutionary activities in the new army and schools。That year, Hua Xing will plan in the 70th birthday of the Empress Dowager in Changsha, Yuezhou, Hengyang, Baoqing, Changde at the same time of five insurgences。Song Jiaoren is responsible for organizing and launching the Changde road。In September, Song Jiaoren returned to Changde and set up "Xiangxi Liaison Station" in the five provincial inns in the city.。At the beginning of October, in Changde Bijia City held a meeting of the party was promoted as the leader, everyone agreed: uprising, the congregation disguised as the five Lei Mountain pilgrims, to the Bijia City side of the temple of literature assembly, waiting for command。On November 5, in order to prepare funds, Song Jiaoren went to Changsha and found that the uprising had broken out, and Lu Yuanding, governor of Hunan, ordered a raid。At the end of the year, Song Jiaoren went to Japan via Wuhan and Shanghai。
On December 13, 30th year of Guangxu Reign, Song Jiaoren arrived in Japan。No sooner had he settled down than he resumed his revolutionary activities。First, he founded the revolutionary magazine "The Revolution of the twentieth Century", published in June 31。In August, under the advocacy of Sun Yat-sen, the Tongmenghui was established in Tokyo, Japan, and the "Twentieth Century **" was changed into the official newspaper of the Tongmenghui, and Song wrote for the newspaper as the chief prosecutor of the Justice Department of the Tongmenghui。In June of that year, Song Jiaoren entered Japan University of Political Science and Law to study, and entered Waseda University preparatory study in February of the following year, originally planning to enter the undergraduate, due to illness and dropped out。
In the spring of Guangxu thirty-three years, Song Jiaoren returned to Andong, Liaoning, to prepare for the Liaodong branch of the Tongmenghui, contacted the northeast "horse" Li Fengchun and others, and planned to launch an armed uprising in Shenyang。During the Northeast activities, learned that Japan attempted to annex the "inter-island" plot, he temporarily put down the revolutionary liaison work, with the help of Japanese friends Pian Shan latent, into the Japanese conspiracy organization of Changbai Mountain, risking his life, to detect a large number of false evidence。After returning to Tokyo, he consulted a large number of classics and soon wrote a book, The Question of Jiandao, arguing that Jiandao and Yanji had been Chinese territory since the Zhou and Qin dynasties。The Japanese government investigated the matter and tried to buy the manuscript with 5,000 gold。If the Qing government is successfully defeated, the Qing government will win the negotiation with Japan based on the strong arguments of this book。
In the spring of the second year of Xuantong (1910), the revolutionary forces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River increased rapidly, and Song Jiaoren proposed to shift the revolutionary center of gravity accordingly。At the end of the year, after returning to Shanghai from Japan, Yu Youren hired him as the chief writer of the Democratic Daily, and he wrote a large number of articles propagating the revolution under the pen name of "Yu Fu"。In July of the following year, Song Jiaoren, Tan Renfeng and Chen Qimei formed the Central General Assembly of Tongmeng Association in Shanghai, and served as general Secretary。He personally or sent people to and from Shanghai and the two Lakes to actively develop the Central General Association branch, raise money, buy weapons and ammunition, and promote the revolutionary process in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River。The revolutionary situation of the two lakes was unprecedented and finally led to the outbreak of the Wuchang uprising。
The success of the Wuchang uprising, Song Jiaoren was very happy, he made a big revolutionary public opinion in Shanghai。By publishing articles and sending telegrams, he urged governments to maintain strict neutrality towards the Chinese Revolution and to recognize the revolutionary army as a belligerent group.Internally, it vigorously propagated the purpose of the revolution, explaining that "the doctrine of the revolutionary party is to say that it is to overthrow the evil government, and to fight for the support of the people.。At the same time, he actively encouraged the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to respond。He published "Hubei Situation Geography" in the Democratic Daily, discussing the importance of Wuchang, repeatedly saying: "Today's situation, the emphasis is on Wuchang.。In addition to excitement, Song Jiaoren was deeply worried about the power of the military and political leaders。On October 24, Huang Xing arrived in Shanghai from Hong Kong, and Song Jiao-ren and Huang Xing "met again after a long absence, and talked about the evening", and advised Huang Xing to lead the new army of the ninth town to seize Nanjing and capture Jiangsu and Zhejiang, so as not to be subject to Li Yuanhong, but Huang Xing refused to listen。On the 28th, Song Jiaoren and Huang Xing arrived in Wuhan。At this time;The organization of the governor's government was largely established, and Song Jiaoren was only enlisted by Ying Hu to assist in foreign affairs。By this time, the great powers had declared their neutrality and there was nothing much to be done in diplomacy。Song tried to mobilize Huang Xing to become the Grand governor of Hunan and Hubei, but failed, he turned to the local government to build manpower, drafted the "Ezhou Treaty Law", after examination and approval, and was immediately promulgated by the military government。This is the first republic constitutional document in Chinese history, which embodies the spirit of modern Western democracy。However, it was not implemented at that time, and Li Yuanhong's position and power were not diminished。Huang Xing presided over the military, the situation is not good。Song Jiaoren left Wuchang on November 13 and decided to go to Nanjing to break new ground。
Song Jiaoren traveled between Zhenjiang and Shanghai, urging the attack on Nanjing。On December 2, the ancient city of Nanjing was finally restored。On December 7, the new Jiangsu Provincial Governor's Office was formed, with Song Jiaoren as the head of the administrative department。At this time, more than a dozen provinces had declared independence, stood in the revolutionary camp, and the organization of the provisional central government was an urgent task。Song Jiaoren was also eager to resist Li Yuanhong, but his correct proposition was not understood and repeatedly suffered setbacks。On the issue of implementing the presidential system and the cabinet system, Sun Yat-sen also had differences, Sun Yat-sen advocated the presidential system, Song Jiaoren advocated the cabinet system。On January 1 of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Nanjing Provisional Government was established, Sun Yat-sen was the provisional president, and Song Jiaoren was only appointed as the president of the Legal Academy。Many people for Song Jiaoren did not serve as the Secretary General of Internal Affairs and bow, he said: "The secretary general is not the secretary general, has nothing to do with the general purpose, I have advocated the cabinet system, and advocated the cabinet of political parties, now a patchwork, a secretary general does not do worth it.。The republic was created, not our party to take responsibility, bold, Ding so innovation, not enough to say politics。The old bureaucrat was ambiguous and timid. How could he talk about revolution and republicanism?Song Jiaoren attached great importance to legislative work, and soon drafted a draft constitution, the Organization Law of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, which still advocated the cabinet system and was accepted by Sun Yat-sen。Later, the Provisional Treaty Law was based on Song Jiaoren's Ezhou Treaty Law and the draft Constitution。
After Sun Yat-sen gave way to Yuan Shikai, Song Jiaoren became chief of agriculture and forestry in the Tang Shaoyi Cabinet on April 27。His interest was in politics and immediately began to implement his party political ideals。He asked Qiu Ao and others to set up the "Yadong New Newspaper" to "supervise the government, guide the people, consolidate the republic, pay attention to the Republic of China" and published long papers in the newspaper under the pseudonym of "Taoyuan Yu Fu"。In early July, Song Jiaoren resigned as chief of agriculture and forestry, displeased with Yuan Shikai's violation of the Provisional Covenant Law。On July 21, the Tongmenghui Headquarters held a summer assembly, and Song Jiaoren was elected as the director of the General Affairs Department and became the de facto moderator of the Tongmenghui。He quickened the pace of organizing a large party。On August 25, with the Tongmeng Association as the core, the united National Party, the National Communist Party, the Republican Progressive Party and other parties, formed the Chinese Kuomintang, and held a founding meeting。Sun Yat-sen was elected as the chairman, and Song Jiaoren was elected as the director with the votes after Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, and was appointed as the acting chairman by Sun Yat-sen。At this time, Sun and Huang's interest and main energy were on practical construction, and Song Jiaoren presided over the Kuomintang headquarters in Beijing。It's the end of the year, and the congressional elections begin。By March of the following year, the Kuomintang had an overwhelming majority。
Yuan Shikai deeply felt the threat of Song Jiaoren and the Kuomintang to him, and first tried to win over Song Jiaoren. When Lu Zhengxiang resigned as Prime minister of the Cabinet, Yuan asked Song to become Prime minister of the Cabinet on the condition that he give up the idea of a political party cabinet, which was firmly rejected.Then bribe with money, also failed。October 18, the first year of the Republic of China.Song Jiaoren went south to visit his relatives。Along the way, he widely promoted his political views and showed his opposition to autocracy。At this time, the local elections were more and more favorable to the Kuomintang, and the final victory seemed to be a forecertainty, and the call for Song Jiaoren to be elected as the cabinet premier was also very high。Yuan Shikai's gang became even more nervous, not only making malicious attacks in the press, but also plotting to remove political enemies by assassinating them。In early March of the second year of the Republic of China, Song had just arrived in Shanghai, and received an urgent telegram from Yuan Shikai that he would "go to Beijing today and decide to govern the business"。At 10 PM on March 20, Song planned to take a train from Shanghai to Beijing。Song and the farewell Huang Xing, Yu Youren, Liao Zhongkai and others one by one, was about to board the train, Yuan Shikai sent assassins shot shot, 22 early morning, Song died, only 31 years old。Sun Yat-sen's Elegiac Couplet said Song Jiaoren: "For the protection of citizens, who is not the dead;Bleed for the Constitution, the public is the first."。
Jiang Yiwu
Jiang Yiwu (1885-1913), originally known as Bao Xiangand renamed as Bo Kui, was born in Chengguan Town, Li County。Born in a poor family, six years old in the Li LAN bookstore。Guangxu 29 years (1903) graduated from Lizhou Higher Primary School。Then he was admitted to Hunan West Road Normal School (in Changde)。The following year, Song Jiaoren, vice president of the Hua Xing Association, came to Changde to plan the revolution, and Jiang Yiwu met him and actively cooperated with him。In the autumn, the Changsha uprising broke out, and Jiang was suspected of being expelled from the school。Guangxu thirty-two years enrolled in Shanghai China Public School, joined the Tongmenghui。In the near future, he and Yang Zhuolin founded "Jing Ye Xunbao" to publicize the revolution in vernacular。In the autumn of the year, Liu Daoyi was ordered by the headquarters of the Tongmeng Association to go back to Hunan to plan the uprising of Ping, Liu and Li, and Jiang Yiwu went to Changsha to participate in the activities of water and land as a member of the Tongmeng Association and a reporter of Jingye Xunbao。In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Jiang Yiwu, Liu Fuji and Zhan Dexi organized the "Commercial Newspaper" in Hankou and organized revolutionary activities。Went to Tianmen, Qianjiang and other places for interviews, joined the Hubei New Army anti-Qing group "Qunzhi Society"。After the new army forty-one standard Li County soldiers Huang Zhenyuan introduced, to the forty-one standard three battalions left as soldiers, among the Hubei revolutionary movement。After the "Qunzhi Society" reorganized into "Zhenwu Society"。In the spring of Xuantong's third year, "Zhenwu Society" was reorganized into "Literature Society", Jiang Yiwu was elected as president, and "Dajiang Daily" was the organ newspaper。On the surface, the "Literature Society" was a group for soldiers to study literature, but it was actually a revolutionary group supporting Sun Yat-sen's ideas。Under its influence, Wuhan's "Shenzhou Society", "Intelligence Society", "Martial Arts Research Society", "Fu Ren Society" and so on have merged into "literature Society".。
Xuantong three March, Guangzhou Huanghuagang battle failed, Jiang Yiwu, Liu Fuji not discouraged, sent Zhan Dahui, Yang Yuru to Shanghai with Song Jiaoren and other planning to follow the Huanghuagang battle of large scale。On May 24, the meeting of representatives of the Literary Society decided that the literary society was set up in 85 Xiaochao Street, Wuchang。On September 24, a joint meeting was held with the "Total Advance Society", at which Jiang Yiwu was elected as the general commander of the uprising, Sun Wu was the chief of staff of the "Total Advance Society", and the general organ of the Literature Society was the general headquarters of the uprising。On October 9, Jiang Yiwu arrived in Wuchang from Yuezhou and immediately convened a meeting of the literary society to discuss the uprising。In the afternoon, Sun Wu made a bomb crash in Hankou, Baoshan organs were copied。Immediately held an emergency meeting, Jiang Yiwu ordered the uprising that night, and signed the order ten ten, decided to take the sound of guns as the signal, inside and outside the city together。At about 10 o 'clock, someone reported that Yang Hongsheng, who went to the engineering camp to contact, was arrested, and the command was immediately surrounded by military police。Liu Fuji, Jiang Yiwu and Peng Chufan were all arrested。At this time, Yiwu hanging long braid, wearing a long gown with jujube jacket, Qing officials as rural farmers, temporarily in the supervision office garden。Jiang took surveillance slightly sparse, the vertical wall over the house escape, hiding after the mountain Ma Jia lane CAI Dafu apartment, and then transferred to Li Changling, by boat to Lu 'an, that night the uprising order was not sent to the South Lake artillery team responsible for firing, the uprising did not become。
lO 10, the revolutionaries secretly gathered, according to Yiwu 9 orders in the evening of the 10th uprising, Wuchang was occupied, Hankou, Hanyang uprising success。Jiang Yiwu arrived in Wuchang on 12 October, and was named to participate in the military government's strategy, serving as an adviser to the governor's office and deputy minister of Military Affairs。Chiang set about equipping his troops. Morale was high。
On 28 October, Huang Xing became the wartime commander-in-chief, and Jiang Yiwu became the manager, minister and adviser, dispatching the logistics of the entire army。On November 27, Hanyang fell, and Huang Xing resigned。Li Yuanhong appointed Jiang Yiwu for the supervision of the army, Wan Ting Xian acting wartime commander-in-chief。All know difficult not to, all raise Yiwu to take over as commander-in-chief。He was ordered to send troops to raid the enemy's flank, occupy Cangzi port, Luoshan and other places, and drop the enemy about a group, and the heart of the people was a little calm。After Li Yuanhong lifted Yi armed forces power, transferred to the governor's house of higher advisers。Yiwu went to London to welcome Sun Yat-sen back to preside over the plan, and asked for the provisional government organized by Sun Yat-sen as president as soon as possible to fight against Yuan Shikai。
In early April of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Nanjing Provisional government moved north, and Yuan Shikai stole the presidency。Chiang merged the literary society with the Tongmenghui, under the direct leadership of Sun Yat-sen。Yuan offered Chiang a high salary as a senior adviser to the presidential office, and on August 17, he made Jiang a lieutenant general, both of which Chiang refused。On August 25, the Kuomintang held its founding conference in Beijing, and Chiang was elected as the counselor of the headquarters and Minister of Transportation of Hankou。
In February 2002, the Kuomintang won the National Assembly elections, and Jiang Yiwu advocated a constitution to limit Yuan Shikai's power。On March 22, Song Jiaoren was stabbed, and Yiwu was extremely angry and grieved, and went to see Tan Yanmin, Governor of Hunan, to discuss countermeasures。And Ji Yulin, Xiong Bingkun, Zhan Dahui, Tian Tong and other secret discussions, decided to build an "improvement group" (actually the Kuomintang Wuhan Transportation under the secret organization), season head, Yiwu participate in its activities。In mid-April, in the name of the Ministry of Communications, Song Jiaoren held a memorial meeting, attended by more than 3,000 people, denouncing Yuan。After that, Yiwu returned to Hunan, bade farewell to his parents, and vowed to defend the republic to the death。
Hubei anti-Yuan activities, based on the improvement of the regiment, formed a leading organization - the participation group, set up the Wuhan Ministry of Communications, agreed with the Kuomintang people in Hunan, and deployed the military to the south of Henan and the northwest of Hubei on the Beijing-Han line。Yiwu in June 24 day and night to meet the matter, turn was Li Yuan Hong military police detection, the Ministry of Communications closed, "Republic of China Daily" was also seized, Yiwu with the general organs of the Staff Committee transferred to the concession, the situation is urgent。Li Yuanhong telegrams Yuan Shikai, please order Jiang Yiwu wanted, Yuan is issued a reward for the provinces。On July 11, Yiwu arrived in Changsha。On July 21, Hunan declared its independence, and Jiang Yiwu was appointed governor of Hubei Province, responsible for organizing the rebellion against Yuan's army。On the 22nd, Chiang led his troops north, stationed in Yuezhou, and was resisted by Li Yuanhong。On August 13, Tan Yankai, governor of Hunan Province, saw that the situation was not favorable and announced the abolition of independence。Cheng Qian advised Jiang Yiwu to go to Japan, while Jiang secretly went to Guangxi, intended to move Guijun against Yuan, to solve the crisis of Nanjing。On August 29, he went to Huangsha River in Quanzhou, Guangxi, and was arrested by Qin Buqu, brigade commander of the GUI Army。Qin telegraphed the governor of Guangxi, Lu Rongting, and Lu telephoned Yuan Shikai and Li Yuanhong to urge Yuan to kill Chiang。On September 1, Yiwu was taken to Guilin。In prison, Yiwu listed Yuan Shikai's crimes, and made a suicide note thousands of words, first passed to Huang Zhenyuan, and then to his wife。At 4 o 'clock on September 9, Yiwu was taken to the Lize gate execution ground, wearing silk shirts and trousers, to the crowd to speak revolutionary justice, sitting on the red carpet calmly died, at the age of 28。
In September 5, the Republic of China, Tan Yankai and others moved the remains of Yiwu to Yuelu Mountain in Changsha and built a white jade tomb tower。In September 10, Sun Yat-sen supervised Guilin, made a monument outside the Lize gate, inscribed "Mr. Jiang Yiwu, founding father of the Republic of China, died", engraved on the monument, and made Hu Hanmin write an article engraved in the monument week, to demonstrate his achievements。
Lin Xiumei
Lin Xiumei (1880-1921) was named Zu Kun, alias Yufan and Liuliu Jushi。Born in Anfu County (now Linli County) city north lO kilometers Liangshuijing village of a scholarly family, great-grandfather Lin Changhuai, served the county and Xuyong Zhili hall。After the family fell, the father piano heart is not heavy fame, teaching village。Xiu Mei grew up industrious and frugal, sympathizing with the poor people。When a neighbor's cattle were stolen, he took it back with a knife。Xiu Mei entered the school at the age of 8, and at the age of 23, she studied in Anfu Dao Water Academy and Qinshan Temple New School in Lizhou. She studied the Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan, Han Feizi, Gong Yang Zhuan, Huliang Zhuan, and read the Original Jun Theory of Huangli Prefecture.。The 27th year of Guangxu (1901) participated in the state examination, "the first doctoral student in Middle School"。
In twenty-nine years, Xiu Mei abandoned the literature from the martial arts, admitted to Hunan Army Armament School。After graduation, he served as the commander of the artillery battalion of Hunan New Army, the captain of the Hunan Army Accelerated Training School District and the keynote speaker。In 32 years, he studied in Japan as a government-funded student, entered the Army Academy, and joined the Tongmenghui。Thirty-four years after graduation, he returned to China and was sent to Sichuan as the head of the new Army。The following year, led the army to Tibet。In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), he participated in the second Revolution and served as the commander of Yuezhou Fortress。After Tang Xiangming reward wanted, fled to Japan。In 5 years of the Republic of China, he returned to China and participated in the movement to defend the country and discuss Yuan。Served as Chief of staff of the Hunan Defense Army command and brigade commander of the Hunan Army。民国六年9月18日，修梅与零陵镇守使刘建藩一道宣布独立，控制湘南24县，并通电全国，揭露北洋军阀段祺瑞毁弃约法、解散国会的罪行。Sun Yat-sen replied to Liu Jianfan and Lin Xiumei on the same day: "The gentlemen honor Hunan, destroy the flame, the wind tree, audio-visual easy.。Still hope to encourage to carry out, gram actually skin work, wash away the fault, heavy republic, the overall situation is beneficial。With 5,000 inferior equipment, Liu and Lin's rebels fought a bloody battle with 30,000 enemy troops, first destroying Li Youwen's department, then defeating the enemies of Wang Ruqin and Zhou Shi, wiping out thousands of Shang Zhen's department, and defeating Zhu Zehuang's department in Yongfeng Town, Xiang Township。Xiu Mei left hip injury, still insist on command。Changsha was captured in November and Yueyang on January 27 of the following year, and the Northern Army retreated to Hubei in a panic。After the Hunan army chief rights intensified, the northern army took the opportunity to use six times the Hunan army's forces to invade, Yongfeng War is the most intense, Xiu Mei spearheaded, bravely command, the left arm was shot, still wounded to supervise the battle, and finally repelled the enemy's fierce attack。The Union army suffered heavy losses and lost morale。On 15 June, Wu Peifu was forced to send representatives to Leiyang to sign an armistice with Lin Xiumei。Sun Yat-sen awarded Lin Xiumei the rank of lieutenant general。民国八年，修梅出任湘西靖国军总司令，进行讨桂援粤活动。Ten years, as Sun Yat-sen presidential palace acting army commander。In October, he suffered from toothache and was mistaken by a quack doctor. He died in Guangzhou Zhongfa Taomei Hospital at the age of 42。His death, Sun Yat-sen unusual grief, said in the obituary: "Lin Gong from the war for 20 years, hard work for the country, Xinhai, C Chen, Fu full Lu Yuan, repeatedly built strange achievements.。Six years of the battle to protect the law, the first righteousness Hengyang, experienced many battles, especially valiant, exhausted the country, infected and ill finally, with deep sorrow"。He posthumously made Lin Xiumei a general in the Army;By extraordinary session of Parliament.Give him a state funeral。Cheng Qian went to the ceremony and wrote "Mr. Lin Xiumei's Biography"。On December 18, a grand memorial meeting was held in Guangzhou, attended by more than 10,000 people。In October 17, the Republic of China, Lin Xiumei's coffin was transported to Changsha via Shanghai and held a state funeral ceremony.He was buried behind Quzi Temple on Yuelu Hill。
Lin Xiumei is a fierce general who is resourceful in battle and a politically mature "revolutionary giant".。In his twenty years of military career, he wrote many works that reformed the army and reformed Chinese society。Especially under the influence of the "May Fourth" Movement and the October Socialist Revolution in Russia, I read Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu's articles and original works of Marxism, and became interested in Marxism。During his stay in Tibet in the second year of Xuantong (1910), he investigated the military and political priorities, customs and people's conditions in Tibet, and wrote two books, Policies for the Administration of Tibet and Travel Notes to Tibet。During the four years of the Republic of China, he studied at Tokyo School of Political Science and Law in Japan and wrote a book titled "Chinese Transportation Policy Management" and translated "European Financial Economy".。Spiritual Speech written in the decade of the Republic of China。民国八年8月，修梅将所写《皇冠体育比分网手机入口》及《皇冠手机比分网官方入口》呈孙中山参阅。In the ten years of the Republic of China, he wrote "Socialism and the Army", "My View of Socialism", "Draft of Wartime Financial Plan" and other works, and also wrote "Draft of the Organization Outline of the Agricultural and Industrial Army".。Only 49 days after Xiu Mei's death, Lin Boqu collected and published Lin Xiumei's Legacy.。In the "Postman", Boqu wrote: "I would like to bathe in the world with my elder brother, have few classmates, share hardships for a long time, spend many days together," before his death, he also "would like to travel to the new Russia, to inspect the actual Soviet facilities for future reference.。”
Xia Guorui
Xia Guorui (1887-1925), character Xigui, Li County, Chengguan town。Guangxu twenty-eighth year (1902), admitted to Hunan West Road Normal School, and classmates Lin Boqu, Jiang Yiwu became friends。After graduation in Guangxu's thirty-two years, Guorui and his brother Guorui went to Japan to study in the law department of Tokyo Imperial University, and actively participated in the anti-Qing movement of foreign students。In the first year of Xuantong (1909), he returned to China after completing his studies, that is, he contacted Jiang Yiwu, president of Wuhan Literature Society, and conspemed against the Qing Dynasty。In October of the third year of Xuantong, the outbreak of the Wuchang uprising, Xia Guorui with Hunan's second aid to Hubei army to Wuchang, Jiang Yiwu appointed him as the director of the "Minxin Daily" newspaper, the newspaper's sharp rhetoric, more constraints on Li Yuanhong's retrograde acts, known as "the evil weapon"。In August of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Li Yuanhong ordered the publication to stop on the grounds that the People's Heart News supported the Dajiang News。In the spring of the second year of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen initiated the "second revolution", Xia Guorui and Lin Boqu actively invested in the revolution, and soon the revolution failed, Guo Rui and Lin Boqu and so on went to Japan to continue revolutionary activities。
In the fourth year of the Republic of China, Guorui returned to China due to the death of his wife, and soon became the president of Wuhan Daily, and engaged in revolutionary activities in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changsha and other places。民国六年，Xia Guorui举家迁至常德盘沱律师公会挂牌当律师，并以此为掩护进行秘密革命活动。During this period, Lin Boqu and others often visited in the evening to talk with Summer about state affairs and discuss revolutionary activities。In August of that year, Sun Yat-sen established a military government in Guangzhou and launched the "Battle of Law protection", and Xia and Lin went to Hengyang to participate in the law protection movement。In April of the seventh year of the Republic of China, the defense Army was defeated, and Guorui hurried back home, still working as a lawyer, and concurrently serving as the principal of Lixian Middle School, the honorary principal of Jiuli Women's Division and the president of Lixian Education。When the "May Fourth" movement broke out, Guorui united and progressive youth in Lixian County, carried out a campaign to boycott Japanese goods and ban opium smoking, launched women to put their feet and cut braids, and assisted Ren Chenghua, a representative of women in Lixian County, to set up a full meeting。During his tenure as principal of Lixian Middle School, he reformed the school system, rectified the school regulations, and supervised the management of residential schools。He also wrote articles in the Laroia Newspaper to explore ways to save the country and the people, and advocated the revolution in remote communication with Changsha's Ta Kung Pao Newspaper, Hunan Popular Newspaper and Xiangjiang Review。And sent nephew Xia Xiguang as the liaison between the Li Newspaper and Changsha newspapers。In the thirteen years of the Republic of China, with the cooperation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the upsurge of the revolutionary situation, Guorui launched students Lei Xizhang, Li Charter, Huang Chuangjiu, Ren Hao and his nephew Xia Xiguang to go to France for work-study。
In the spring of 14 years of the Republic of China, Guo Rui was a reporter and editor of the Popular Education newspaper of Lixian County, when the Sichuan warlord Tang Zimo entered Lixian County and forced the He Long Department to move to Tianjin City。Tang Jun molested and raped women, committing several crimes on a daily basis, extorting huge amounts of money for their squander。It was a drought in Lixian County and people's livelihood was difficult。Xia, motivated by justice, wrote an editorial exposing the atrocities on March 27。Tang saw the newspaper furious, Lixian governor Wei Shikai from the side instigated, then the country Rui detained to the military, in Kichiji show trial。Tang asked, "You know sin?Guo Rui is righteous and answers the day: "For the people's mouthpiece, there is no crime.?Tang: "You are not afraid to die.?Guo Rui calmly smiled and answered: "For the people's life, death is not enough.。Tang became angry and shot him dead outside the south gate of the county on March 29。
After Xia Guorui was killed, public opinion reacted strongly。Huamei News Agency reported: "Xia Jun died, look unchanged, three shots, the first shot from the back through the abdomen, Xia Jun jumped to the ground suddenly, still calling freedom of speech, indomitable.。Second and third gunshot wounds to the head, bleeding out。"Hunan Popular Daily" also praised him: "A good faith, vigorous straight book, gas sound male, is a newspaper star.。"Ta Kung Pao" and "Shen Pao" have each disclosed。Li County from all walks of life for Xia Guorui held a grand memorial meeting, Guangzhou military government, Lin Boqu have sent messages of condolence, condolence letters。
Li Lianzhong
Li Lianzhong (1860-1926) was born in Shimen County。When I was young, my family was poor and eager to learn。After being forced by livelihood, he moved to Changde to teach and spend his days, when Yan Zhenheng, a great scholar of Shimen, lived in Changde and came to seek advice and benefited a lot。In 1902, he participated in the Hunan Provincial examination and won the award。In 1904, he served as the Jingzhou garrison school supervisor, and in the spring of the following year, he returned to Shimen and served as the rectory of the primary school of Higher Learning, committed to revitalizing the education cause of his hometown and propagating revolutionary ideas。In 1906, he crossed to Japan in search of a way to save the country and the people。Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and so on in Tokyo to establish the Xingzhong association, the determination to participate in。Soon he was ordered back to Hunan to carry out secret revolutionary activities。
In October 1911, after hearing of the Wuchang uprising in his hometown, Zhizhong rushed to Changsha。When the revolutionary army and the Qing army fought a fierce battle in Wuhan, Hanyang was lost, Wuchang was in danger and threatened Changsha。Zhizhong and Tan Yankai planned a plan to "surround Wei and save Zhao" to enlist Wuchang, and took the initiative to assume the responsibility of persuading Fengzhao, who was recruiting soldiers in Changde to attack the Wuchang Revolutionary Army, to make Wang Zhengya (from Cili County) rebel。Together with Wang, they went to Changsha to meet Tan Yankai, and Tan appointed Wang as the pacifier of the Northwest Road。Wang and executive two people garrison garrison city two battalions troops and often Li thousands of soldiers, through the public security, straight attack Jingzhou。Qing army according to the strong defense, long attack not, is to write to the Qing army in the city, know the great justice。Most of the defenders deserted, and the defenders were forced to commit suicide。After the destruction of Jingzhou, the morale of the Wuchang Revolutionary Army was greatly boosted。In February 1912, Xuantong abdicated and peace was negotiated between the North and the South。He retired to teach at Tsinghua University in Beijing。
In 1913, he was elected to the House of Representatives。In order to be elected as the official president, Yuan Shikai sent his partisans to bribe and lobby the lawmakers。When the lobbyist went to persuade him late at night, he was very angry and scolded: "I am a man of Chu, my life does not do the night trip, what does this say to me.?The lobbyist left in disgrace。Soon after, Yuan Shikai ordered the dissolution of the National Assembly, and the commander of the central Hui devoted himself to the struggle against Yuan。After the failure of the "Second Revolution", Yuan Shikai ordered the Kuomintang dignitaries to be wanted, and he fled to Japan。In 1914, Sun Yat-sen founded the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Tokyo, and he was the first to join。Yuan Shikai sent his close friend Jiang Shili to Tokyo to obstruct the destruction, and he gave advice to the revolutionary Wu Xianmei and killed Chiang in his apartment。
In 1915, Yuan Shikai plotted to restore the imperial system, in order to win over people's hearts, open the party ban and amnesty political prisoners。Chang Li guard Wang Zhengya, feel the sense of holding in the gratitude, please Hunan overseer Tang Xiangming to Yuan Shikai interdictions pardon。In the day learned, urgent telegram to Beijing government Hall: "Hunan for the rescue of the central, the nephews cherish the elderly, I will never admit.。But less than 10 days after the power generation, the name of the holding has been seen in the September 5 pardon order, the holding is regarded as a great shame, and it was immediately published in the "Jia Yin magazine", solemnly declaring that it would never compromise with Yuan Shikai, the words are loud and solemn, and its text has spread at home and abroad。At the end of the year, Yuan Shikai blatantly declared himself emperor。He returned to China to participate in the struggle against Yuan。
In 1916, the southwest provinces to defend the law, the executive went to Guangzhou to participate in the extraordinary Congress, since then, under the instructions of Sun Yat-sen, back and forth to promote the protection of the law。In June 1922, Chen Jiongming rebelled against the revolution in Guangzhou and retired to Shanghai with Sun Yat-sen。Soon he was sent to Xiangxi to persuade CAI Juyou, Tang Rongyang, Chen Quzhen and other powerful figures to maintain the overall situation of the southwest。In the persuasion, they have expressed acceptance of Sun Yat-sen's leadership, willing to send troops against Chen Jiongming。Returning to Shanghai, Sun Yat-sen praised happily: "Mr. Li alone can reach a thousand troops."。
In the autumn of 1923, the National Assembly resumed its session again, and he went to Beijing to attend the meeting, inviting some members to refuse to participate in the election, claiming that "Cao Kun's act of buying votes will surely go down in history.。In 1924, he was elected as a representative of Hunan Province to attend the first National Congress of the Chinese Nationalist Party。He died in Changde on February 9, 1926。
Gong Xiachu
Gong Xiachu (1885-1927) was born in Lixian County。Wuchang Army School in the late Qing Dynasty。In the first year of Xuantong (1909), he joined the Tongmenghui in Hankou, and joined the Qunzhi Society in Wuchang, serving as a reporter of Jingye Xunbao。The next year, he and Yang Wangpeng reorganized Qunzhi Society into Zhenwu Society, and joined the Hubei New Army 21 mixed Association 41 standard as soldiers。Xuantong three years New Year's Day, he and Jiang Yiwu and other seven people initiated the establishment of literary society, as a communicator。He then worked as a reporter for Hankou "Business Daily" and "Dajiang Daily"。After planning an uprising with Jiang Yiwu in Wuchang, because of the leak, was arrested and imprisoned in Wuchang on the 9th, the next night, rescued by Jiang Yiwu out of prison, then participated in the Wuchang uprising, as a senior staff officer and former enemy commander of the military government, commanding the headquarters and Qing soldiers seven days and nights, remarkable war achievements。
In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Gong Xiachu founded the "Jindan Daily" in Shanghai.。In the second year of the Republic of China, he was ordered by Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren to write the famous "Wuchang Two Diaries" with "Yong replacement", which recorded the Wuchang uprising on 9 and 10 May 1911。In July of that year, Gong went to Jiangxi to assist Li Liejun in organizing a Tiexue regiment against Yuan, which was defeated in De 'an and survived among the dead in the Battle of Lai Nic。In the seventh year of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen organized the Yasukuni Army, and he was appointed as the commander of the Yasukuni Army in Xiangxi, and the next year he was appointed to Shi Yihe。In the 9th year of the Republic of China, he served in the Grand Marshal's Palace of Guangzhou。In 10 years of the Republic of China, he served as commander of Humen Fortress。From 1l to 13 years in the Republic of China, he served as the procurator-General of Guangdong General Post Office and served in the military and political Ministry。In the winter of 13, Gong Xiachu became the commander of the 18th Route Army of the Northern Expeditionary Army。Before and after 14 years of the Republic of China, Gong Xia first returned to the county to live, at the request of the local county security director, fighting evil, the people praised。But it also offended some local villains。In the 16th year of the Republic of China, he received a telegram from Guangzhou, inviting him to go and seek collusion in state affairs, and when he passed through Changsha, he was framed and put under house arrest。Xia early unwilling humiliation, drink death。Cheng Qian heard the news came to rescue, it was too late, then personally presided over the funeral, buried in Yuelu Mountain。In 30 years of the Republic of China, his eldest son Gong Guangxian made a special trip to bury the bones of Gong Xiachu in Li County。
Lin Dexuan
Lin Dexuan (1877-1927) was a member of the Moo family of Shimen Shinseki。At the age of 7, he began to study private school, and learned martial arts from the famous martial arts masters in the county. At the age of 20, he took the exam in Lizhou。At the age of 21, he went to Wuchangfu Literature Hall for further study, and at the age of 22, he entered Hunan Benmu School (later changed to Martial Arts School) to learn military, determined to save the country and the people。From the 27th to the 29th year of Guangxu, Dexuan successively served in Changsha and Mukden as platoon commander, supervisor, and co-participant leader of the New Army。Guangxu thirty years (1904), transferred to Sichuan new army Association。On his way to Sichuan, he passed through Changsha, met with the leaders of the Huaxing Association Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren, discussed the revolutionary plan with them, and immediately participated in revolutionary activities, and contacted the party with Liu Fuji and Hu Youhua to strengthen the revolutionary force and prepare for an armed uprising。After the incident, he went into exile in Japan, met Sun Yat-sen, and was deeply praised and trusted。In August of the following year, Sun Yat-sen established the Tongmeng Association, and Dexuan was the first group of members, and was sent back to form the West (Chongqing) branch, one of the five branches in the Southeast and northwest of China。In September, Dexuan held the "military minister" committee to report to the Sichuan governor's Office, Ren new military standard。During his term of office, he tried his best to organize the army and train soldiers, and soon he was promoted to the western Sichuan recruitment and enlistment envoy and the southern Sichuan enlistment envoy, while secretly accelerating the construction of the western branch and arranging members of the Tongming Association to serve as officers of the new Army。
Wuchang uprising success, Lin Dexuan led the new army response。On November 27, 1911, Sichuan declared its independence to the whole country。Sichuan Province military and political circles unanimously elected Lin Dexuan as Sichuan Province Han military government temporary governor, Dexuan fixed。Sun Yat-sen took office as provisional president, and Lin Dexuan was appointed commander of the Presidential Security brigade。After Yuan Shikai stole the country, Dexuan was filled with depression, and returned to Hunan as a liaison envoy to Yunnan and Sichuan。In March 2, the Republic of China, Song Jiaoren was stabbed, Lin Dexuan grief and anger, immediately called the old, organized the rebel army, ready to discuss the rebellion。In July, Lin Dexuan and Jiang Yiwu, who organized to discuss Yuan in Hui Xiang, set up the Yuan command post in Changde, with Lin Dexuan as the commander on the left。After the failure of the "Second Revolution", Lin Dexuan once again went into exile in Japan。
In Japan, Lin Dexuan was the first to join the Chinese Revolutionary Party founded by Sun Yat-sen in Tokyo, and was sent back to Hunan to organize a thieving army。In September, 4 years of the Republic of China, Lin Dexuan returned to China, organized the people's army, and persuaded the North Ocean Army to defect。In December, the "Three Revolutions" broke out, Lin Dexuan organized the Hunan Rebel Army in Changsha to protest Yuan, forcing the northern warlord Tang Xiangming to abandon Changsha and flee north in April of the following year。In June, the Hunan Council resumed its session, and Dexuan was appointed governor and resigned, only receiving the post of commander-in-chief of Hunan Qingxiang。In September 6 of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen organized the military government to protect the law, and Lin Dexuan was appointed as the commander in chief of the first Army of the Hunan Defense Army, and in the spring of the following year, he was appointed as the commander in chief of the Fifth Army of the Hunan Yasukuni Army, stationed in Changde。After the failure of the movement, Dexuan retreated to Yuanling and set up the Xiangxi Government, waiting for action。In the autumn of September, Lin Dexuan went to Shanghai to coordinate revolutionary affairs with Sun Yat-sen。In April of the following year, Sun Yat-sen took office as the president, and Lin Dexuan was appointed military liaison officer for Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and Guangxi。Dexuan went to the provinces to organize forces and prepare for the northern expedition。In October, he was reinstated and appointed minister of Hunan and Hubei。In November, he was ordered to Shaoguan to set up the northern Expedition base camp and served as military aircraft counselor。
After Chen Jiongming's rebellion, Lin Dexuan thought deeply: "If the revolution is successful, it is still necessary to implement civilian education, get rid of ignorance, and raise consciousness."。In September 11 of the Republic of China, Lin Dexuan returned to Hunan to conduct education after Sun Yat-sen's permission。First to Changsha, to mobilize celebrities from all walks of life to run schools, soon established the West Road Public School, Minben School, Zhenchu School (later Duze Middle School)。After to Lizhou, Shang Tong township guard Tang Rongyang, founded nine Lishu female division, Jin city half-time civilian factory。Back to Shimen at the end of the year, with the county governor held a meeting of industry, business, and learning, agreed on the district, township school planning and funding methods, after the meeting, Lin Dexuan donated the old house to rebuild the building to run the school。In addition, Lin Dexuan also sold the leather robe son, compensate for the lack of funds, the building into, the township called it "two Qiu building"。Then, he also built 47 primary schools such as Mojiatou and Lion Xi, and the county's part-time civilian textile factory, craft factory, and county women's School。In the 13th year of the Republic of China, the Hunan Provincial Department of Education appointed Lin Dexuan as the principal of Shimen Middle School。
That year, Sun Yat-sen reorganized the Kuomintang。In September, Sun Yat-sen appointed Lin Dexuan as the border control office of Hunan and Hubei, and went to Hankou to contact old friends of the military and government, promote the workers and peasants movement, and prepare for the northern expedition。In 14 years, after Sun Yat-sen's death, Lin Dexuan went to Guangzhou and was appointed as the executive member of the Guangzhou Special Eighth District Party Department。The next year, he succeeded the Xiang-Hubei border control Office, and then went to Hankou to win the response of Tang Shengzhi Division and He Long Division。In January 16, the Republic of China, Lin Dexuan accumulated。
Lin Zhiyu
Lin Zhiyu (1877-1930), character special sheng, Changde suburb Zaguo village, the late Qing Dynasty scholar, graduated from Hunan Police Academy。
After the Wuchang uprising, Lin Zhiyu joined the Tongmenghui and later switched to the Kuomintang。In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), he was appointed Director of the Changsha Police Department。The following year, he was sent to Japan to study police administration for a year。After returning home, the value of Tangxiangming overseen the army in Hunan, because Lin did not intervene in the "second revolution", promoted to Hunan police chief。
In the 6th year of the Republic of China, the "Protection of Law" and Fu Liangzuo Movement occurred in Hunan, and Lin Zhiyu participated in secret meetings for many times and gave financial support。Liao Xiangyun for the Hunan French defense Army guerrilla commander, at the beginning of no soldiers, passing by Hengyang, Lin with 4 rifles to show support。In 7 years of the Republic of China, Cheng Qian was defeated by the Beiyang Army and retired to Chenzhou, and Lin Zhiyu led his police to flee and strongly supported Cheng Qian。In July of that year, Tan Yankai became the governor of Hunan Province and appointed Lin Zhiyu as the head of the Police Department of Hunan Province. Lin, Zhou Jie, Jiang Jihuan and Cao Mengqi became Tan's "Four King Kong".。
In the summer of 9, Tan Yankai was appointed the third governor of Hunan, and Lin Zhiyu was appointed the chief of police and commander of the 11th Police District of Hunan。In November, Tan was forced to resign, Zhao Hengti took over as commander-in-chief of the Xiang Army, and Lin Zhiyu was elected interim governor by the provincial Assembly。On December 11, Zhao and Lin announced the establishment of the "Hunan Constitution Preparation Office" in the name of the military and government chiefs, but Zhao Hengtai was in control of the military power and acted independently, and all personnel and administration were constrained by it, and Lin was like a young daughter-in-law。In the spring of 10 years of the Republic of China, Zhang Huizan, a subordinate of Tan Yan-kai, took advantage of Lin Zhiyu's neglect to launch the "fall of the Forest movement" and forced out Jiang Jihuan, Lin's pillar minister of Finance, and Feng Tianzhu, Minister of government affairs。Lin Zhiyu felt that the situation was serious, so he secretly left on March 5 and transferred to Shanghai via Wuhan。In the winter of the same year, a general election was held in Hunan Province, and Lim was elected to the provincial assembly in Changde Constituency。Later, with the support of the political group "Xiangshe", he was elected provincial speaker。
In July 2012, Lin Zhiyu, in the name of the Chairman of Hunan Province, telephoned Sun Yat-sen to preside over state affairs and organize the provincial government。Soon, Tan Yan-kai sent representatives from Guangdong to Hunan to persuade Lin Zhiyu and Zhao Hengti to help Sun Yat-sen fight against Chen Jiongming。Lin agreed and Zhao refused, Lin's mediation was ineffective, and the relationship between Zhao and Tan broke down publicly。On August 8, Tan declared himself governor and commander-in-chief of Hunan, and appointed Lin Zhiyu to supervise the aftermath of Xiangxi。Lin dilemma, uneasy in place, secretly leave Changsha to avoid suspicion。In December, he went to Guangdong and accepted the leadership of the revolutionary government。
At the end of the 13th year of the Republic of China, Lin Zhiyu returned to Hunan, and was promoted by the former Tang Rongyang as the commander-in-chief of the Xiangxi Founding Army to aid Hubei, and cooperated with Xiong Kewu of the Sichuan Army, who arrived in Changde via Sun Yat-sen's order。On December 12, Sun Yat-sen appointed Lin Zhiyu as commander-in-chief of the First Route Army of the Western Hunan to aid Hubei。In March of the following year, Lin assumed command of the left flank of the Northern Expeditionary Army, preparing for the northern expedition。In May, Sun Yat-sen died, the northern expedition was not completed, and Lin Zhiyu's founding army was disintegrated by the Helong Department。
In July 15th of the Republic of China, the Northern Expedition Army captured Changsha, Zhao Hengti collapsed, and Hunan's political situation changed greatly. Lin Zhiyu was isolated and had no support and lived in Shanghai。In the 18th year of the Republic of China, Lin Zhiyu was invited by Lu Diping, the president of Jiangxi Province, to be the chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial government and participate in the decision of besieging the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army。The following year, Lin Zhiyu died of a cerebral hemorrhage in a meeting at the age of 54. The funeral was jointly organized by Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, and the body was transported back to Hunan and buried outside Changsha Xiaogu Gate。
胡 瑛
Hu Ying (1884-1933), styled Jingwu, was born in Taoyuan County, upper Township, lower Baishi village (now Zhengjiayi Township) minor officials。When I was young, I studied in Changsha Jingzheng School, under the guidance of Huang Xing. He was brilliant, quick in writing, especially fine in calligraphy, and deeply loved by his teachers and friends。
Ying Hu is concerned about state affairs。At that time, the Qing Dynasty became increasingly corrupt, the national sovereignty was trampled by foreign powers, and the national crisis was unprecedently serious。Kang Youwei and others advocated the reform, while Sun Yat-sen and others insisted on expelling the manchus。Hu Ying thought: "For the house must first rule the base, now want to change the law and not pioneer Hu Rupp, is still no foundation and establish the house, it can be" so to overthrow the Qing Dynasty as their own duty。
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, revolutionary assassinations prevailed among the anti-Qing forces。In the winter of the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Hu Ying formed a party to assassinate the evil gentry Wang Xianqian, was expelled from school, with the help of Cao Yabo, fled to Wuchang, and was introduced to the eighth town of Wuchang by Huang Xing。In February 1904, in the 30th year of Guangxu, Hu Ying, who was 20 years old, participated in the Hua Xing Association organized by Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren。In July, Hu followed Liu Jingan, Song Jiaoren and other revolutionary organs to set up the "Science Institute", and Song Jiaoren and Song Jiaoren established a branch of the Huaxing Society in Wuchang。At the beginning of the next year, Hu and Hubei national Wang Hanzhen knew that Tie Liang (a Manchu) was about to leave Hankou to return to the north, so he made an appointment to stab Tie Liang at Dazhimen station。Unexpectedly two people arrived at the station when the train has left, assassination attempt, Wang Han was closely followed by the patrol and fell into the well dead。Hu Ying raised gold to collect its remains after burial, spiral dive to Tokyo, Japan to study。
In November of the same year, Chinese students studying in Japan rallied in Tokyo to protest against the Japanese government's "Ban on Korean students" rules.。At the meeting, Ying Hu impassioned, pain Chen Japanese government violent and unreasonable, and put forward a lot of coping strategies, the audience was convinced, elected Hu as the representative of the Chinese international Students Association, presided over the Chinese students in Japan all quit the matter, Ying Hu has since become famous at home and abroad。
In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, Hu Ying returned to China under the command of Sun Yat-sen and planned to go to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to prepare rebellion in support of Pingliu Li Uprising。Just arrived in Wuchang, when the governor of Huguang, Zhang Zhidong, offered a reward for the capture of the insurgents, Hu was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment。In January 1911, Jiang Yiwu and Zhan Daei organized the revolutionary group "Literature Society" in Wuchang, and Hu Ying, who was imprisoned, joined the organization and became one of its leaders。
After the Wuchang uprising, Hu Ying was released from prison and appointed as foreign minister of the military government。Hu Ying personally visited the Hankou concessions, propagated the purpose of the Chinese revolution and the foreign policy of the military government, and won the understanding and support of friendly countries。At that time, the provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River had responded to the uprising, but the provinces in the northeast remained on the sidelines。The Haikou area of Jiaodong, such as Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and other places, where foreigners gather, is located in the northeast throat of Bohai Bay side, if it does not promote the defection of its garrison forces, it may lead to the Qing dynasty to retreat to the northeast and resist in a corner。As a result, Sun Yat-sen appointed Hu Ying as the governor of Shandong, led the navy to Yantai, and then made Qingdao, Weihai and other ports one after another change to the revolution, the Qing court was shocked。
In August 1912, the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Chinese Kuomintang was founded in Beijing, Hu Ying was a member of the party, and was elected as a senator in the National Assembly election soon after。The following year, he participated in the "Second Revolution" launched by Sun Yat-sen, and fled to Japan after the defeat of the Battle of Ganning。In September 3 of the Republic of China, Ying Hu's father-in-law Rao Zhiyuan and his relatives were killed by Yuan Shikai's military police for "disorderly party", and Ying Hu's wife and daughter fled to Japan for refuge。At the outbreak of the First World War, Hu Ying participated in the European Affairs Research Association organized by Huang Xing and Qin Zhen。The association advocated that under the situation of the European War, it should take "the first thing is to protect the country, and the government is willing to give a mind to the outside world" as its purpose, and even thought that it could "ally with the outside world" when necessary.。Huang Xing also advocated sending people back to China to find out, in order to negotiate with Yuan。At this time, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, and Yang Du and others went to Japan to persuade the Kuomintang to return home。Huang Xing use this opportunity, business please Hu Ying home, and take the opportunity to help CAI E escape and discuss yuan plan。Regardless of family enmity and own interests, Hu Ying returned to China in the spring of the Republic of China。To Beijing, then secretly contact with CAI E, often secret meeting in eight port, when people thought two people unacting, the same as "boots friends"。In order not to let Yuan Shikai suspect, in the activities of the imperial system, CAI E signed in favor of the imperial system。Hu Ying to cope with the situation, participated in the security meeting。Hu Ying and the legation contact, for CAI E get out of the arrangement。One evening, CAI E in the small phoenix fairy at the treat, Hu Ying took the opportunity to send CAI E to Chongwenmen station, by the Japanese embassy staff to send CAI to Tianjin, by wheel to Japan。Hu Ying cited the security meeting as the biggest regret, once said: "Beard (referring to Huang Xing) to my return to try to escape CAI, although the task is completed, but not good at its own place, to the shuo gold, called Hu zai.!”
In 6 years of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen raised the banner of protecting the law, and the provinces responded one after another。With Sun Yat-sen's consent, Hu Ying was invited to form the Xiangxi military government with Zhang Xueji, Zhou Zefan, Tian Yingzhao and Lin Dexuan, and Hu Ying became the commander of the Third Army。After the army was defeated by Wang Zhengya combined with Liu Chenglie's forces, Hu Ying only to escape。Zhao Hengtian was in charge of Hunan Province and appointed Hu Ying as assistant director of Shuikoushan Mining Bureau, but he did not arrive and asked for an agent。After Tan Yan-kai took office, Hu Ying resigned and went to Guangdong。Before the Second Zhifeng War, Sun Yat-sen ordered Hu Ying to go north, contact Feng Yuxiang and Hu Jingyi, and observe the overall situation in the north。Feng Yuxiang appointed Hu Ying as the national first Army senior counselor。In January 14, Hu Ying went to Kaibian at the invitation of Hu Jingyi and served as the General counselor of the Second Army for a short time。As the Northern Expedition was approaching, Ying Hu went to Guangdong and was appointed as the representative of the Guangdong government in Jin。Hu Ying lived in Taiyuan and did Yan Xishan's work in response to the Northern Expedition。From July 17 to January of the following year, Hu Ying served as director of the North Canal Bureau。When the war between Jiang, Feng and Yan broke out, Hu Ying supported Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan to overthrow Jiang, and instigate Xiong Shihui and Qian Dajun to revolt against Liu Shijun, commander of the 5th Division of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Hu Ying was appointed commander of the 10th Route Army, but the uprising failed because Yan Xishan's promised military budget was not fulfilled。When Feng and Yan failed, Chiang Kai-shek discovered the plot between Hu Ying and Liu Shijun and ordered the arrest of Liu Shijun。Hu Ying get Nanjing friends notice, from Nanjing to Hunan He key refuge。He Jian fear Jiang, give Hu Ying a sum of money, to avoid somewhere else。In the summer of 20 years of the Republic of China, Hu Ying went to the Hankou concession Peng Yuan Xun home。Is the Yangtze River flood, where Hu Ying lived was also flooded, he was upstairs for several months, hot and humid fumigation, coupled with economic constraints, malnutrition, liver ascites disease, suffering from distress。In 21 years of the Republic of China, the Songhu war, all parties called for a joint national disaster, Qin Zhen, Fu Yulin took the opportunity to Chiang Kai-shek for Hu Ying to ease, cancel the arrest warrant。Qin Zhen invited Hu Ying to Nanjing。Because of his acquaintance with Japanese Prime Minister Inu Yoshitomi, and many of his friends are opposition parties or well-known people, Hu Ying is willing to go to Japan to do work to deter its policy of aggression against China。Chiang agreed to allocate funds to facilitate the trip。But Hu Ying eventually due to deterioration of the condition, admitted to the central hospital treatment, had to wait for time。Unexpectedly, the sterilization of the operation was poor, and he passed away in Nanjing on the 7th day after the operation。Empty pockets behind, relying on the Kuomintang old Qin Zhen and other people for the shirt, the square was encoffined。
Hu Ying bequeaths Selected Works of Hu Du Du。
Gong Bailing
Gong Bailing (1882-1940), also known as King Sejong。Shimen County Wangyangqiao Township Hehua village people。His family was poor, and with the help of his clansmen, he studied in the Northeast Martial Arts Hall. After graduation, he joined the Beiyang New Army and soon went to Beijing Army University for further study。
In the Beiyang New Army, Gong Bailing followed General Feng Yuxiang and joined the secret organization "Martial Arts Research Association" set up by him in the new army to carry out revolutionary tandem in order to overthrow the Qing government。In December 1911, he participated in the "Luanzhou Uprising" led by General Feng Yuxiang and was the battalion commander。After Luanzhou uprising failed, he continued to follow Feng to the north of China。In 1924, he participated in the "Capital Revolution" led by General Feng Yuxiang.。Subsequently, Feng cooperated with Zhang Zuolin, and Gong Bailing became the director of the Beijing-Feng Railway Bureau。In the 16th year of the Republic of China, he worked with Lu Zhonglin and Zhang Zhijiang in Chahar Province and served as the director of the Industry Department。
After the outbreak of the War of resistance, Gong Bailing sent his family to his hometown and devoted himself to the war of resistance。During his term as the transport commander of the Jinpo Railway line, he often ignored the Japanese aircraft bombing, went deep into the field command, promptly transferred the locomotive to the mainland, so that it was not damaged by the Japanese army, and sometimes even failed to send the living expenses to the family。Soon, by the first theater commander Cheng Qian dispatch, as the Ji, Lu, Yu border area Self-Defense Army commander and commissioner and security commander, the organization and leadership of the twenty-ninth Army remnants (military commander Song Zheyuan) and tens of thousands of people, in Henan Hua County, Fuyang, Changyuan, Xinxiang, Xiuwu area and the Japanese combat。Old friend Lei Shurong (traitor, the Japanese occupation of Peiping during the PingJin maintenance Committee secretary general) sent a letter to persuade him to surrender to Japan, Gong stood up, cursed the traitors, running dogs, the letter was torn to pieces。
In the battle, Gong Bailing took the lead, although in danger, still fearless, calm and calm。At the beginning of the 29th of the Republic of China, he was transferred to the Military Committee of the National Government "Tianshui Camp", and was sent to the second World War area by Cheng Qian to contact military affairs。When the car was near Xi 'an, it was bombed by Japanese aircraft and was seriously injured。Carried to Xi 'an, did not reach the hospital rescue, that is, died at the age of 59。The Nationalist government held a state funeral for him in Xi 'an。
覃 振
Qin Zhen (1884-1947), the character Liming, formerly known as Dao Rang, Taoyuan County Jianning Township Datian village (today's Ma Briling Luojia shop) people。Few years of ambition, spit is extraordinary。The imperial examination system was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty.Taoyuan Academy was changed into Taoyuan Primary School, and all students of Tao and Tongli took the exam。In the 26th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1900), the eight-power allied forces invaded Beijing, burning, killing, looting, and doing everything to trample on China's sovereignty。When Zhangjiang Academy study Qin road to make a speech in the county square, enumerating the Qing court humiliation of the country and the eight allied forces ravaged Beijing of all kinds of crimes, tears, hearing the people moved。
Guangxu thirty years spring, by the introduction of Song Jiaoren, is Changdefu school Qin Dao to join Hua Xing Association, because often published anti-Qing speech, was expelled from the school。Before leaving school, Tan Yan-ran pen-pen, writing "survival in the dead" article, propagating the revolution, and will copy this article all over the streets of Changde City, onlookers to block the road。The governor of Hunan reported and ordered Tan to be arrested and sent to prison。His release was mediated。Tan that went to Tokyo, Japan, Hong Wen Institute to study。In the second half of the same year, Hua Xing will plan an uprising, Qin returned to help Song Jiaoren responsible for Changde all the way。After the uprising failed, he changed his name to Qin Zhen and returned to Japan。The following year, he attended the founding conference of the China Tongmeng Association in Tokyo and was elected as a councilor。In December, Chen Tianhua, a Chinese student studying in Japan, committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea to protest against the Japanese government's ban on the rule of Qing Koreans studying in Japan。Qin Zhen left the Sun in the early 32nd year of Guangxu and returned to Hunan. Together with Yu Zhimo and others, he mobilized more than 30,000 students and people from all walks of life in Changsha to escort Chen Tianhua's coffin to be buried in Yuelu Hill in Changsha。Tan went to Japan again, the person Waseda University study。Returning to Hunan, he served as the president of the Hunan Branch of the Tongmeng Association, and assisted the Pingliuli Uprising with Liu Fuji and Lin Xiumei。After the uprising failed, he fled to Japan。In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, Qin Zhen was dispatched by the Tokyo headquarters of the Tongmeng Association and returned home to plan the revolution。Upon arrival in Changsha, he was arrested at the residence。The criminal court torture equipment list, forced Qin for the same party。Qin Zhen voluble defense, unyielding, was sentenced to life imprisonment。He was imprisoned in Changsha, Taoyuan and other places for up to 4 years。
Xuantong three years (1911) October Wuchang uprising, after the liberation of Changsha, Tan from Taoyuan released from prison, rushed to Changsha, as the XiangGui allied Army commander, led the troops to aid Hubei。Under the command of Song Jiaoren, he instigate fellow villainer Luo Shouting to sneak into Nanjing and urge Hu-ning railway road worker Xu Dianjue (Taoyuan County) to lead the road workers and Pingsu to contact the Shogunate Hill fort more than 1,000 officers and soldiers to attack Nanjing。
In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Qin Zhen was elected as a member of the House of Representatives and strongly criticized Yuan Shikai's big borrowing scheme。In March, on the eve of the session of the National Assembly, Song Jiaoren was killed, Qin was overwhelmed with grief and anger, and participated in the "second revolution" launched by Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing to discuss Yuan, but it was unsuccessful。Qin oath to stand up to assassinate Yuan thief, was strongly discouraged by Huang Xing, but then go to Beijing into the House of Representatives, urge the impeachment of Yuan Shikai。Yuan hated his guts and threatened to punish him severely, so Tan fled to Japan。In the three years of the Republic of China, Qin Zhen participated in the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Tokyo, serving as the "Xiang branch" minister, and was ordered to contact overseas Chinese and students in Japan。At that time, Jiang Shili, an agent sent by Yuan Shikai to Tokyo, bought overseas Chinese and students in Japan with a lot of money to piece together the "Security Council" branch。Qin Zhen sent his student Wu Xianmei to have Jiang Shili executed。After investigation by the Japanese government, Tan was imprisoned for half a month and released due to lack of corroboration。
In the 5th year of the Republic of China, Qin Zhen participated in the anti-Yuan independence activities in Hunan, and led the National Guard to defend the west and south roads of Hunan to contain Yuan's army。In 6 years of the Republic of China, the military government with Sun Yat-sen as the general Marshal appointed Qin Zhen as the inspection envoy in Hunan, so that he contacted the troops in the west of Hunan, set up an alliance with the Hunan-Qian Army, and all the departments of the Hunan Army in Lingling to defeat the northern Hunan Army。In May of the following year, Sun Yat-sen was forced to resign his post as Grand marshal, left Guangzhou, and went to Shanghai with Tan to secretly discuss the war against the Guangxi warlords。In the 10 years of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen served as the very president, and Tan served as the counselor and legal committee member of the presidential Palace。When the situation in Guangxi was stable, Sun was supervised by GUI, a Cantonese, and set up his headquarters in Guilin, with Tan in charge of all party affairs。In September of the following year, Sun planned to reorganize the Chinese Kuomintang and appointed Qin Zhen to draft the party constitution。In January 13, the Kuomintang was reorganized, and Qin Zhen was elected as the central executive Committee, and presided over the Hankou Executive Department, handling the party affairs in Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi and Gansu, and later participated in the organization of the Xishan Conference。
In the 16th year of the Republic of China, the Nanjing National Government was established, Qin Zhen served as the head of the propaganda Department of the Special Committee, and resigned two months later to Shanghai。After Chiang Kai-shek stepped down, Tan acted as executive director for several months。In the 19th year of the Republic of China, some important members of the Kuomintang held an extraordinary meeting in Guangzhou, and Qin Zhen went to Guangdong to mediate intra-party disputes。The following year, Qin Zhen was elected vice president of the Legislative Yuan, acting president of the post, 21 May, Qin Zhen was elected vice president of the Judicial Yuan and a member of the Central Civil Service Disciplinary Commission of the Chinese Kuomintang。In May 23, Republic of China, Tan went to Britain, France, Germany, Italy and the United States to investigate the judiciary, and launched the organization of the China Law Society after returning home。
During the Anti-Japanese War, Qin Zhen was elected as the Central executive member of the Chinese Kuomintang, the fifth and sixth Central Supervisory Committee, and the 32nd year of the Republic of China, as a member of the National Government。Advocating active resistance against Japan is contrary to Chiang Kai-shek's intentions。After the surrender of the Japanese invading army, Chiang Kai-shek blatantly launched a civil war, Qin Zhen was more dissatisfied with what he had done, and his thoughts became more progressive, often trying to cover the underground workers of the Communist Party of China。
Qin Zhen died in Shanghai on April 18, 36, at the age of 63。A family has nothing left when it dies。The Kuomintang Central Committee and the National Government awarded state funds for his funeral, and the state funeral was held on Yuelu Hill in Changsha。
Zhao Bizhen
Zhao Bizhen (1873-1956), styled Yue Sheng, styled Xing 'an, was born in Bantan, Changde County. He studied in Changde Deshan Academy and Changsha Xiangshui School of Classics, and was deeply influenced by Kang Youwei's study of modern Classics。On the eve of the Hundred Days' Reform, he participated in the hospital test and made up his doctor disciples。
After the failure of the Hundred Days' Reform, the New Deal was abolished。He witnessed the state day, the heart of grief and anger, so with the city people He Laibao knot "cold society", the day matter chanting。Guangxu twenty-sixth year (1900).And He Lai Bao organization Changde "since the army", seek to Tang Caichang uprising, things leak, disguised to flee to Guilin, introduced by sister, join the Guangxi Saint Society。Soon, the Qing court wanted to Guangxi, but with the help of a friend of the Saint Society, Long Zan Hou, through Macau to Japan。After arriving in Japan, he served as the proofreader and editor of "Qingyi Daily" and "Xinmin Cong Daily", often writing under the pseudonym "Zhao Zhen" and "Minshi Shi", remembering the comrades who died in the "Self-reliance Society" and exposing the corrupt politics of the Qing Court。With Zhang Binglin, Qin Lishan, Chen Tianhua close friends, and make great efforts to learn Japanese。
In the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu, the Party's prohibition was slightly relaxed, and he stealthily returned to Shanghai and actively engaged in translation。He believed that the Qing Court was completely corrupt and irredeemable, and that to save China, new ideas had to be advocated first。In August of that year, he translated and published The Monster of the Twentieth Century: Imperialism.。In the following year, he translated and published Fukui Junzo's Modern Socialism.。These two books.The former is the first translation of China's analysis and criticism of imperialism，The latter is the first Chinese translation that systematically introduces Marxism，After the failure of the Hundred Days' Reform，Advanced Chinese seeking the way to save the country and the people，Had some influence，Before and after，He has also translated many books, such as The History of Generosity in the Japanese Restoration and the History of Advanced Human Rights in Japan。In the thirty-first year of Guangxu, he went to Hong Kong to become the editor of the Commercial Daily, and was expelled from Hong Kong for the colonial government because of his criticism of British imperialist policies。Guangxu thirty-three years, at the invitation of Chengmai County Longzhan Hou, went to Hainan Island to establish Chengjiang, Maijiang two schools。In the first year of the Xuantong Dynasty (1909), he went to Fengtian to make Xiong Xiling Curtain。When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, Blue Tianwei and Xiong Xiling supported the Republic in the Army Association, and he was ordered to run between Nanjing and Shanghai and actively contacted the revolutionary Party。
民国成立，熊希龄出任北京政府财政总长，他随入财政部。Soon after, Xiong became the Rehe capital。He then moved to Jehol, where he became the director of the Department of Finance and the Director of the National Tax Office。During his term of office, he was honest and selfless, and was praised as "being five long men, having no money".。In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Xiong Xiling went to Beijing to form a cabinet, he returned to the Ministry of Finance, and thereafter served in the Ministry of Finance for more than ten years。
In the 17th year of the Republic of China, after the dissolution of the Beijing government, Zhao Bizhen did not intend to enter politics, but was asked to teach at the Republic of China University and North China University, teaching "Geographical Evolution", "Gongyang Spring and Autumn" and "Three Rites".。After the "September 18" incident, Zhao Bizhen returned to Hunan, first joined the charity, served as the director of Huayang Yi Relief Society in China, Hunan flood Relief Committee, and then engaged in education, teaching Kong Dao and Zhonghe Chinese Studies Special School。In the teaching, he vigorously advocated Sinology, inspired young people's patriotic enthusiasm, and compiled the speech into a book "Introduction to Sinology"。After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to Changde and taught in Changde County。After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was over 70 years old and was still teaching in the private Mingyi Middle School because of the pressure of life。After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhao Bizhen was employed as a member of the Hunan Cultural Relics Management Committee and a librarian of the Hunan Literature and History Research Center, writing books such as "Historical Records of the Independent Society" and "Supplement (Examination of People in the Independent Society)"。He died in Changsha in 1956.He was 84.。
Dai Xiuzan
Dai Xiuzan (1887-1957), character Junliang, Changde County Dai Jiagang。His father Dai Xiancheng for the cloth store clerk, died in the prime of life, leaving 8 children, living in poverty, Dai Xiuzan when he was young, the elder brother of the family, so that it studied hard, from the school into the middle school。
In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), Dai Xiuzan participated in the government-funded examination to study in Japan, and was promoted from middle school to the law department of Chuo University of Japan with excellent results, majoring in economic and commercial law。During his study abroad, he kept close contact with Song Jiaoren and participated in revolutionary activities。In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), he returned to Beijing to assist Song Jiaoren in founding the Republic of China University。For five years, he served as the judicial commissioner of the Beiyang Government。In 2011, he was transferred to the General Prosecutor's Office of Beiyang Government as a prosecutor. Two years later, he was transferred to the Chief prosecutor of the Beijing District Procuratorate and served as a professor at the Beijing Hosei University, Chaoyang University and China University。In 15 years, the Beiyang government suppressed the patriotic student movement, resulting in "three.18 "massacre。Dai Xiuzan is worthy
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